CVE-2019-18935, Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX: a patched-since-2020 deserialization RCE still exploited, now via an in-memory Godzilla web shell registered on ASP.NET's VirtualPathProvider

AhnLab's ASEC documents two separate attack cases in Korea that both exploit CVE-2019-18935, a .NET deserialization vulnerability in the RadAsyncUpload file-upload feature of Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX, on unpatched IIS servers; successful exploitation executes code with the privileges of the w3wp.exe worker-process account (AhnLab ASEC, 2026-09-27). In the first case, the attacker used the flaw to launch a reverse shell, ran basic reconnaissance, and deployed modified Potato-family token-impersonation tools, including a web-shell-adapted build of SweetPotato, to escalate to SYSTEM. The intrusion culminated in a memory-resident, file-less web shell: a payload DLL locates the IIS worker thread that has already loaded Telerik.Web.UI, loads an embedded module into that process's memory, and registers a malicious request handler directly with ASP.NET's VirtualPathProvider extensibility point, so the web shell runs entirely in server memory with no .aspx file ever written to disk (AhnLab ASEC, 2026-09-27). The installed shell follows the Godzilla web-shell protocol: it distinguishes actions via an HTTP request's Type header, decrypts the request body, caches an attacker-supplied .NET payload in a cookie-bound session on first contact, and re-invokes that cached payload on each later request: an arbitrary, extensible in-memory .NET execution primitive that leaves minimal on-disk forensic trace.

The second case used the same CVE purely to launch a Rust-based reconnaissance scanner: it pulls a target list from an operator-controlled server, asynchronously probes each target across candidate URL paths for exposed WordPress installer/configuration pages, and reports any hit back to the operator over the Telegram Bot API, without dropping a reverse shell or web shell on the compromised Telerik host itself (AhnLab ASEC, 2026-09-27). ASEC notes this CVE has a long exploitation history: Blue Mockingbird's 2020 Monero-mining campaign, and a 2023 CISA/FBI/MS-ISAC advisory covering US federal-agency IIS servers, underscoring that a legacy, patched-since-2020 vulnerability in a still-deployed enterprise .NET web component remains a live, low-cost initial-access vector years after its fix shipped.

Detection and hunting. In process-creation telemetry, alert on w3wp.exe spawning cmd.exe or PowerShell with no corresponding legitimate application feature to explain it; the VirtualPathProvider registration technique means no new .aspx file appears on disk, so file-integrity monitoring over the web root will miss this shell entirely; in-memory module-loading detection (unusual modules loaded into the IIS worker process, or EDR visibility into .NET AppDomain assembly loads) is the telemetry class that catches it. ASEC says the installed shell tells its actions apart by the request's Type header, so a request carrying that header to a Telerik endpoint is worth checking (AhnLab ASEC, 2026-09-27). For the second case, look for outbound connections from an IIS host to api.telegram.org, a pattern with no legitimate counterpart on a production Telerik/IIS server.

Triage: SweetPotato and other Potato-family tools are dual-use privilege-escalation utilities also used in authorized red-team engagements, so the discriminator is context: their invocation from a web-shell process rather than an interactive administrative session, and their appearance immediately following exploitation of an unpatched RadAsyncUpload endpoint rather than a scheduled maintenance task.