OpenClaw / Clawdbot — TOCTOU read escape / file disclosure (CVSS 7.7, Claw Chain)

CVE-2026-44112 / CVE-2026-44113 / CVE-2026-44115 / CVE-2026-44118 — OpenClaw "Claw Chain": four chainable flaws in autonomous-agent platform enable sandbox escape → credential leak → privilege escalation → file disclosure

Cyera Research published on 2026-05-15 four chained vulnerabilities in OpenClaw (also marketed as Clawdbot), an autonomous AI-agent platform released in late 2025 with integrations including Microsoft Agent 365 (Cyera Research, 2026-05-15 · The Hacker News, 2026-05-15). All four CVEs are fixed by the OpenClaw release dated 2026-04-23, addressed under GitHub Security Advisories GHSA-5h3g-6xhh-rg6p, GHSA-wppj-c6mr-83jj, GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh, and GHSA-x3h8-jrgh-p8jx. The defender-relevant detail is that an attacker who can obtain code execution inside the OpenClaw managed sandbox — achievable via a malicious plugin, prompt injection into the agent context, or supply-chain compromise of an OpenClaw plugin — can chain the four primitives to a full sandbox-escape → credential-harvest → owner-level agent control → file-disclosure sequence whose steps each mimic normal agent behaviour and so evade controls calibrated to "human-attacker" indicators. CVE-2026-44112 (CVSS 9.6, Critical) is a TOCTOU race in the OpenShell sandbox backend that lets the sandbox process win the filesystem write race and redirect writes outside the intended mount root, enabling host-filesystem tampering and persistent backdoor placement. CVE-2026-44115 (CVSS 8.8, High) is an incomplete allowlist in OpenClaw's command parser — shell-expansion tokens embedded in environment-variable names bypass the validation gate, leaking API keys, tokens, and credentials at execution time. CVE-2026-44118 (CVSS 7.8, High) trusts a client-controlled senderIsOwner flag in MCP loopback messages without validating against the authenticated session, allowing privilege escalation to owner-level agent control. CVE-2026-44113 (CVSS 7.7, High) is the companion TOCTOU read escape enabling file disclosure outside the sandbox root. Exposure is broad: Cyera cites ~65 K (Shodan) and ~180 K (ZoomEye) publicly accessible OpenClaw instances as of May 2026, summing to an estimated ~245 K exposed servers. No in-the-wild exploitation reported at disclosure. Detection: alert on the agent process writing files outside designated sandbox mount directories; flag MCP loopback messages with senderIsOwner=true from sources not matching the authenticated session; alert on environment-variable expansion in command strings at agent execution time.